论文部分内容阅读
[目的]探索不同艾滋病健康教育干预模式应用在建筑工人中的干预效果,为制定针对此人群干预教育策略提供参考。[方法]采取随机抽样的方法抽取上海市黄浦区工期长且人员相对稳定的6个建筑工地,按随机方法分成低、中、高3个等级的干预组实施不同模式的干预;健康教育方法随干预等级提高趋于多样、专业。干预后6个月随访分析干预前后建筑工人艾滋病知信行的变化。[结果]干预前调查594人,干预后6个月随访到352人,随访率59.3%。在干预前对艾滋病知识有一定了解的建筑工人,干预后的得分与干预前比较,差异无统计学意义;而在干预前对艾滋病知识了解较少的建筑工人,干预后的得分与干预前比较,差异有统计学意义(3个干预等级P均≤0.001)。建筑工人干预前艾滋病知识知晓率仅62.2%,各干预等级之间差异无统计学意义;干预后知晓率提高,各干预等级差异有统计学意义(F=20.3,P<0.001),高度干预工地建筑工人艾滋病知识知晓率提高最多,达73.6%。在干预前多数建筑工人对艾滋病病人持“同情”态度,但也有“害怕”、“厌恶”的看法,各工地间差异无统计学意义;干预后建筑工人对艾滋病病人持“同情”态度有增加,持“害怕”、“厌恶”态度有所降低,工地间各干预等级差异有统计学意义(认可率:“同情”χ2=17.7,P<0.05;“害怕”χ2=16.8,P<0.05;“厌恶”χ2=16.2,P<0.05),高度和中度干预工地变化较大。但发生性关系时经常使用安全套者的比例各干预组干预前后差异无统计学意义。[讨论]对建筑工人开展形式多样的艾滋病健康教育对提高艾滋病知识和信念可行有效;健康教育的开展不仅要针对性强而且要坚持反复强化,使受教育者知行一致。
[Objective] To explore the effects of different AIDS health education intervention models applied to construction workers and provide reference for the development of education strategies for this population intervention. [Methods] Random sampling method was used to select six construction sites in Huangpu District, Shanghai, which had long construction period and relatively stable personnel. The intervention groups were divided into low, middle and high grade intervention groups to implement different modes of intervention according to random methods; health education methods followed. The increase in intervention levels tends to be diverse and professional. Six months after the intervention, the changes of AIDS knowledge and behavior of construction workers before and after intervention were analyzed. [Results] Before the intervention, 594 people were investigated. After the intervention, 352 people were followed up for 6 months. The follow-up rate was 59.3%. Before the intervention, the construction workers who had a certain knowledge of AIDS knowledge had no statistically significant difference between the scores after the intervention and the pre-intervention; the construction workers who knew less about the AIDS knowledge before the intervention had scores after the intervention compared with those before the intervention. The difference was statistically significant (3 intervention levels P≤0.001). The awareness rate of AIDS knowledge among construction workers before intervention was only 62.2%. There was no significant difference between the intervention levels; the awareness rate after intervention increased, and there was a statistically significant difference among the intervention levels (F=20.3, P<0.001). The height intervention site The awareness rate of AIDS knowledge among construction workers increased the most, reaching 73.6%. Most construction workers had a “sympathy” attitude toward AIDS patients before the intervention, but there were also “fear” and “abortion” views. There was no statistical difference between the sites; construction workers held AIDS patients after the intervention. There was an increase in “sympathy” attitudes, a decrease in attitudes of “fear” and “aversion”, and a statistically significant difference in the levels of interventions across the site (approval rate: “sympathy”χ2=17.7,P. <0.05; “Fear ”χ2=16.8, P<0.05; "Dislike ”χ2=16.2, P<0.05). There was a large change in height and moderate intervention sites. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of condom users who had sexual relations. [Discussion] It is feasible and effective for construction workers to carry out various forms of AIDS health education to improve AIDS knowledge and beliefs; health education should not only be targeted but must be repeatedly strengthened so that the educators can get consistent.