“意犹帅也”——古代文论家谈“立意”

• 作 者: 陈建根
• 出 处: 新闻战线
• 发表日期: 1987年03期
• 关键词: 古代文论 大诗人杜甫 吴淇 选诗 以意为主 古文家 晚眺 剑门山 造境 文学作品

“意”或“立意”,是我国古代文论中的重要论题。唐代大诗人杜甫说:“诗清立意新。”(《奉和严中丞西城晚眺十韵》)近代古文家林纾也说:“文章唯能立意,方能造境。”(《春觉斋论文》)“意”究竟指的是什么?清人吴淇在《六朝选诗定论缘起》中作了精辟的阐释:“诗有内有外。显于外者曰文曰辞,蕴于内者曰志曰意。”由此可见,志与文、意与辞都是文学作品中对立统一的两个方面,志、意是指作品的内在因素,相当于内容的概念;文与辞是指作品的外在表现,相当于形式的概念。古文论中,“意”的含义因文而异,大致

“Italian” or “conception” is an important topic in ancient Chinese literary theory. Du Fu, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, said: “The poetry is a new idea.” (“Feng Yanzhong Cheng Xicheng Night Ten Sights”) Modern essayist Lin Shu also said: “The article can only be conception, Zhai thesis ”)“ meaning ”what exactly refers to? Qing Wu Qi in the“ Six Dynasties origin of the selected poems ”made incisive explanation:“ Poetry has both inside and outside. As can be seen, Chi and Wen, Yi and Ci are two aspects of unity of opposites in literary works, Chi, meaning refers to the inner factors of the work, the equivalent of the concept of content; Refers to the external performance of the work, the equivalent of the concept of form. In the ancient literary theory, the meaning of ”meaning" varies from text to text