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钙在维持机体正常生理功能方面极为重要,与c-AMP共同起到第二信使的作用,若钙的分布等发生异常即可导致病变。因而调节Ca~(++)在细胞内外分布的药物,如β-肾上腺素受体激动剂中的异丙肾上腺素等,促进Ca~(++)经慢通道进入细胞内,又如钙拮抗剂中的异搏停等阻滞Ga~(++)经慢通道进入细胞内,这些药物通过对Ga~(++)在细胞内外分布的调节而发挥其治疗作用,特别对心血管疾病的防治具有重要意义,本文将钙拮抗剂的药理作用及临床应用加以概述。现将近些年来发展的钙拮抗剂的化学结构列入表1。
Calcium is extremely important in maintaining the normal physiological functions of the body and plays a role as a second messenger together with c-AMP. If the distribution of calcium is abnormal, it can lead to lesions. Thus regulating Ca ~ (++) in the intracellular distribution of drugs, such as β-adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol, etc., to promote Ca ~ (++) through the slow channel into the cell, but also such as calcium antagonist Verapamil and other drugs block Ga ~ (++) from entering the cells via the slow channel. These drugs exert their therapeutic effects on the intracellular and extracellular distribution of Ga ~ (++), especially for cardiovascular diseases Prevention and treatment is of great significance. This article summarizes the pharmacological effects and clinical application of calcium antagonists. The chemical structures of calcium antagonists that have been developed in recent years are listed in Table 1.