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目的了解随州市空巢老人健康知识知晓情况以及影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群抽样的方法,对随州市五个乡镇1 049名空巢老人进行调查。结果 1 049名空巢老人健康知识知晓率仅为14.97%,健康生活方式、慢性病、伤害与急救知识的知晓率分别为48.52%、55.58%和63.69%。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,文化程度较高(OR=2.602,95%CI:1.990~3.403),、患有慢性病(OR=2.170,95%CI:1.254~3.754)、城市居民(OR=1.559,95%CI:1.086~2.237)、女性(OR=1.985,95%CI:1.326~2.972)等因素对空巢老人的健康知识知晓率有积极影响,而独自居住的(OR=0.467,95%CI:0.302~0.722)、退休前从事脑力劳动的(OR=0.604,95%CI:0.386~0.946)空巢老人健康知识知晓率相对较差。结论随州市空巢老人健康知识知晓率较低,受多种因素影响,应开展不同类型的健康教育,提高他们的健康知识水平从而达到最佳的健康状态。
Objective To understand the health knowledge of empty nesters in Suizhou and its influencing factors. Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was used to investigate 1 049 empty nesters in five townships of Suizhou. Results The awareness rate of health knowledge among 1 049 empty nesters was only 14.97%. The awareness rate of healthy lifestyles, chronic diseases, injuries and first aid knowledge were 48.52%, 55.58% and 63.69% respectively. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the education level was higher (OR = 2.602, 95% CI: 1.990-3.03), chronic diseases (OR = 2.170,95% CI: 1.254-3.754), urban residents 1.559, 95% CI: 1.086-2.237), female (OR = 1.985,95% CI: 1.326-2.972) and other factors had positive effects on the awareness rate of empty nesters, while those living alone (OR = 0.467,95 % CI: 0.302 ~ 0.722). The awareness rate of health knowledge of empty-nest elderly people who were engaged in mental labor before retirement (OR = 0.604, 95% CI: 0.386-0.946) was relatively poor. Conclusion The awareness rate of health knowledge among empty nesters in Suizhou City is relatively low. Affected by many factors, different types of health education should be carried out to improve their health knowledge so as to achieve the best health status.