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采用人工模拟降雨装置,通过野外径流小区试验,研究紫色土坡耕地玉米生长季磷素流失特征。结果表明:(1)壤中流磷素流失以可溶性磷素流失为主,横坡垄作壤中流磷素流失最多,远远高于其它2种措施。壤中流TP和DTP平均浓度大小依次为:横坡垄作>顺坡垄作>平作。横坡垄作壤中流TP总量最大是平作和顺坡垄作的3.2倍和3.1倍,其壤中流DTP磷素流失总量也最严重,是平作的3.5倍,顺坡垄作的2.9倍。(2)不同坡度之间壤中流浓度在玉米生育期的苗期和抽雄期呈现出较大差别,坡度越大,地表径流带走的磷素越多,壤中流总磷越小。(3)坡耕地上合理的耕作措施对磷素流失的调控具有一定作用,但有别于其它类型坡耕地,横坡垄作并不是一种综合效益很好的耕作方式,相比而言平作控制水土流失及磷素流失效果更好。
Artificial rainfall simulator was used to study the characteristics of phosphorus loss during the maize growing season on a purple soil slope farmland. The results showed that: (1) The loss of uptake of phosphorus by soil was dominated by the loss of soluble phosphorus, and the loss of phosphorus from the runoff was the largest, much higher than the other two measures. The mean concentrations of TP and DTP in soil were as follows: horizontal slope for slope> slope for slope> flat. The total amount of TP in the runoff was the maximum of 3.2 times and 3.1 times of that of the Shunzhi slope. The total phosphorus loss in the middle stream was also the most serious, which was 3.5 times of that of the flat crop and 2.9 times of that of the slope. (2) The concentration of soil in different slopes showed great difference in seedling stage and tasseling stage of maize. The greater the slope, the more phosphorus was removed by surface runoff and the smaller the total phosphorus in soil was. (3) The rational tillage practices on sloping land have some effect on the regulation of phosphorus loss, but different from other types of sloping land, the sloping land cover is not a good tillage with comprehensive benefits, Soil erosion and phosphorus loss better.