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肝硬化在美国是一个重要的死亡原因并且是一个世界性的主要健康问题。世界卫生组织估计某些国家的肝硬化年死亡率高达40/10万。许多病例是由于慢性病毒感染或酗酒而产生,尽管毒素、药物反应、免疫疾病和某种罕见的遗传性疾病都起了作用。一旦肝硬化发生并发症(腹水、进行性黄疸、脑病和食管血管曲张出血),总存活率迅速下降而且5年存活率通常低于20％.对于大多数病人,一旦肝硬化形成,则无法推迟或逆转这一病程。在某些病例,去除致病因素如酒精、铁或铜的超负荷或抑制免疫介导的组织损伤是有效的。但对大多数病人的肝硬化治疗集中于处理并发症,若无效,则致
Cirrhosis is an important cause of death in the United States and is a major health problem worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates annual mortality rates of cirrhosis in some countries as high as 40 per 100,000. Many cases are caused by chronic viral infections or alcoholism, although toxins, drug reactions, immune diseases and some rare genetic diseases all play a role. Once complications of cirrhosis (ascites, progressive jaundice, encephalopathy, and esophageal variceal bleeding) occur, the overall survival rate decreases rapidly and the 5-year survival rate is usually less than 20%. For most patients, cirrhosis can not be postponed Or reverse the course of the disease. In some cases, it is effective to remove the overloaded pathogenic factors such as alcohol, iron or copper or inhibit immune-mediated tissue damage. However, most patients with cirrhosis treatment focus on complications, if not, then caused