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在《左传》记载的诉讼事例中“诉”和“讼”是分开表述的,二者所表达的含义、案件的处理方法是不同的。诉,表达的是一种请求和被诉求方对请求的满足;讼,则是通过双方一种争辩进而解决纠纷的过程;“争”与“讼”所表达的含义基本相同。春秋时期司法机构的名称有司寇、司败和理,诉讼程序具有规范性的特征。公平、公正、理性地处理诉讼纠纷是《左传》体现的主流意思,在民事诉讼中当事人双方的诉讼地位具有平等性。诉讼代理制度在一定阶层的诉讼中普遍存在,同时也存在一些非理性的表现。纠纷的解决方式有和解、调解、军事讨伐等,体现出多样性特征。
In the cases of litigation recorded in Zuozhuan, “” “litigation” and “litigation” are expressed separately. The meanings of the two are different, and the handling methods of cases are different. To sue and express is a kind of request and the appealed party satisfies the request. In the case of lawsuit, the dispute is solved through a kind of argument by both parties. The connotation of “dispute” and “lawsuit” are basically the same. The name of the judiciary in the Spring and Autumn Period was Secretary Kou, Secretary defeated and reasoned, and the litigation procedure was of a normative character. Fair, just and rational handling litigation dispute is the main meaning of “Zuo Zhuan”, and the litigious status of both parties in civil litigation is equal. Litigation system in a certain class of litigation prevails, but there are also some irrational performance. Dispute settlement there are reconciliation, mediation, military crusade, reflecting the diversity of features.