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利用寡核苷酸探针杂交技术及聚合酶链反应技术，检测了临床表现为肾病综合征的36例患儿人类白细胞抗原（HLA）－DR基因频率的分布；其中9例为IgA肾病，27例为非IgA系膜增殖性肾炎。分别与255例正常汉族人HLA－DR基因频率进行比较，发现IgA肾病患儿HLA－DR4基因频率明显高于正常人［DR4：19．4％vs9．0％，Pc＜0．05，相对危险系数（OR）=2．98］；而非IgA系膜增殖性肾炎HLA－DR12（5）基因频率明显高于正常人[DR12（5）：13．9％vs3．9％，Pc＜0．01，OR=4．52]。提示HLA－DR4、HLA－DR12（5）分别与临床表现为肾病综合征的儿童IgA肾病和非IgA系膜增殖性肾炎具有明显相关性。
The distribution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) -DR gene frequency in 36 children with nephrotic syndrome was detected by oligonucleotide probe hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), of which 9 were IgA nephropathy, 27 Cases of non-IgA mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Compared with 255 cases of normal Han HLA-DR gene frequencies were found in children with IgA nephropathy HLA-DR4 gene frequency was significantly higher than normal [DR4: 19.4% vs9.0%, Pc <0.05, the relative risk (OR = 2.98). The frequency of HLA-DR12 (5) gene in non-IgA mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis was significantly higher than that in normal subjects [DR12 (5): 13.9% vs 3.9% 01, OR = 4.52]. These results suggest that HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR12 (5) are significantly associated with IgA nephropathy and non-IgA mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in children with nephrotic syndrome.