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目的了解淮安市常住居民传染病防治素养水平,为制定居民健康素养干预提供科学依据。方法采取多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取8个县(区)15~69岁城乡常住居民4 000人,进行传染病防治素养知晓率调查。结果淮安市居民具备基本医疗素养比例为20.62%。城市居民传染病防治素养知晓率67.12%高于农村居民63.38%,男性居民68.78%高于女性居民62.75%;问卷相关知识知晓率以15岁~和25岁~组居民的知晓率相对较高,而65~69岁年龄组则相对较低;不同受教育程度、不同职业层次居民之间知识知晓率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在调查关于传染病防治素养的12个问题中,淮安居民对问题“结核病传染途径”、“咳嗽、打喷嚏正确的处理方法”掌握较差。结论应针对不同人群,尤其是老年人、妇女、受教育程度低和职业层次低等重点人群实施健康素养干预,提高居民传染病防治素养水平。
Objective To understand the level of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases among residents in Huaian and to provide a scientific basis for formulating health literacy intervention. Methods A multistage stratified stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted, and 4 000 permanent residents in urban and rural areas from 15 to 69 in 8 counties (districts) were surveyed to investigate the awareness of prevention and control of infectious diseases. Results Residents in Huaian City had a basic medical literacy ratio of 20.62%. The awareness rate of prevention and control of infectious diseases of urban residents was 67.12% higher than that of rural residents 63.38%, 68.78% of male residents were 62.75% higher than that of female residents. The awareness rate of relevant knowledge of questionnaires was relatively high among residents 15 and 25, While the 65-69 age group is relatively low. There is significant difference in knowledge awareness among residents with different education levels and occupations (P <0.05). In investigating the 12 problems concerning the prevention and control of infectious diseases, residents of Huai’an have a poor grasp of the issue of “pathogen of transmission of tuberculosis” and “correct treatment of cough and sneeze”. Conclusions Health literacy intervention should be implemented for different groups of people, especially the elderly, women, low level of education and low level of occupational level, so as to raise the level of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases among residents.