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以川东丘陵区退耕青花椒林、弃耕地和农耕地为研究对象,对青花椒林分(2 a、5 a、9 a和14 a,分别以QHJ2、QHJ5、QHJ9和QHJ14表示)及对照农耕地(CK)和弃耕地(14 a,QGD)土壤物理性质、养分含量、微生物数量和酶活性进行研究,并利用隶属函数法对土壤肥力进行综合评价,探究青花椒不同种植年限对土壤肥力特征的影响,以指导青花椒种植和培肥改土。结果表明:青花椒林和弃耕地的土壤持水量、孔隙度、养分含量、微生物数量和酶活性均为高于CK,且随青花椒种植年限的增加而增加;相反,花椒林和弃耕地的土壤容重低于CK,且逐渐随青花椒种植年限的增加而降低。土壤肥力综合值呈QHJ14>QHJ9>QGD>QHJ5>QHJ2>CK的变化规律,林地均显著高于农耕地,QGD与QHJ14差异显著而与QHJ9差异不显著;土壤肥力综合值与土壤物理性质、养分含量、酶活性和微生物数量呈显著相关(P<0.05)。说明种植青花椒具有显著的培肥效应,对于提高川东丘陵区土壤肥力和促进农民增收致富具有重要作用,土壤肥力综合值能综合反应土壤肥力高低差异。
Taking the returning cultivated green pepper plants, abandoned cultivated land and agricultural land in the hilly areas of eastern Sichuan as study objects, the effects of different treatments on the growth of the green pepper plants (2 a, 5 a, 9 a and 14 a, respectively, QHJ2, QHJ5, QHJ9 and QHJ14) Soil physical properties, nutrient content, microbial population and enzyme activity were studied in CK, abandoned farmland (14 a, QGD). The soil fertility was evaluated comprehensively by membership function, and the effects of different planting years on the soil fertility Features to guide the cultivation of green pepper and soil fertility improvement. The results showed that soil water content, porosity, nutrient content, microbial biomass and enzyme activity were higher in CK and abandoned cultivated land than those in CK, and increased with the growing season of P. chinensis. On the contrary, Soil bulk density was lower than CK, and gradually decreased with the increase of planting season of pepper. The comprehensive value of soil fertility showed the change rule of QHJ14> QHJ9> QGD> QHJ5> QHJ2> CK, the woodland was significantly higher than that of farmland, QGD and QHJ14 were significantly different but not significantly different from QHJ9; The integrated value of soil fertility and soil physical properties, Content, enzyme activity and the number of microorganisms were significantly correlated (P <0.05). The results showed that the cultivation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum had significant effect of fertilizing, which played an important role in improving the soil fertility in hilly areas of eastern Sichuan and promoting farmers’ income and wealth. The integrated values of soil fertility could comprehensively reflect the differences of soil fertility.