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政府采购作为管理政府公共支出的一种基本手段,已成为许多国家最主要、份额最大的市场商品购销活动,它能在很大程度上鼓励和扶持国内企业的发展,并促进整个国民经济和社会的健康发展。政府采购的这一特点,导致很多国家长期以来规定政府部门及其他公共机构必须优先购买本国产品,而把外国产品排除在政府采购范围之外。随着贸易自由化和世界经济一体化的不断推进,政府采购也开始出现国际化的发展趋势。为了尽早开放政府采购市场,扩大国际贸易及其自由化程度,提高各国政府采购法规程序与做法的透明度和一致性,使外国商品在一国进行政府采购时能够得到平等的被选择的机会,70年代末,大多数发达国家在关贸总协定东京回合多边贸易谈判中达成了《政府采购协议》,同意开放由各国中央政府进行的采购活动。由于该协议适应范围有限,继而各国又在乌拉圭回合时举行新一轮政府采购谈判,最后在美、日等20多国范围内达成新的《政府采购协议》。新协议于1995年世界贸易组织成立时正式生效,这大大促进了政府采购的国际化进程。《政府采购协议》是我国加入WTO必须要签署的协议之一,我国在加入WTO以后,此协议必然会对我国的政府采购产生深远的影响。
As a basic means of managing government public expenditures, government procurement has become the most important and largest market commodity purchasing and marketing activity in many countries. It can greatly encourage and support the development of domestic enterprises and promote the entire national economy and society The healthy development. This feature of government procurement has led many countries to have long stipulated that government departments and other public agencies must give priority to domestic products while excluding foreign products from government procurement. With the continuous promotion of trade liberalization and integration of the world economy, government procurement has begun to appear in an international trend of development. In order to open up the government procurement market as soon as possible, expand the degree of international trade and its liberalization, and enhance the transparency and consistency of the government procurement regulations and procedures in various countries so that foreign goods can be given equal opportunities of choice when conducting government procurement in one country. At the end of the decade, most developed countries reached a “government procurement agreement” in the Tokyo Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations of the GATT and agreed to open up purchasing activities conducted by the central government of all countries. Due to the limited scope of the agreement, each country then held a new round of government procurement negotiations during the Uruguay Round, and finally reached a new Agreement on Government Procurement within more than 20 countries such as the United States and Japan. The new agreement came into force at the time of the establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1995, which greatly promoted the internationalization of government procurement. “Government Procurement Agreement” is one of the agreements that China must sign when it joins the WTO. After China’s accession to the WTO, this agreement will inevitably have a profound impact on China’s government procurement.