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气液平衡、液液平衡、固液平衡和气体溶解度是蒸馏、结晶、吸收等分离过程的开发和设计所不可缺少的热力学物性。例如,蒸馏塔的大小、回流比的选定等,都是要以分离液体的混合物的气液平衡数据为基础的。因此,在开发和设计这些相分离过程时,首先要求出相平衡数据。相平衡数据的求取,关键在于求出溶液中各组份在平衡各相中的活度系数,而这正是相平衡计算中最困难的问题。目前,相平衡数据主要是通过实验来测定的,但实测的数
Gas-liquid balance, liquid-liquid balance, solid-liquid balance and gas solubility are indispensable thermodynamic properties in the development and design of separation processes such as distillation, crystallization and absorption. For example, the size of the distillation column, the choice of the reflux ratio, and the like, are based on the gas-liquid equilibrium data for the mixture of separated liquids. Therefore, in developing and designing these phase separation processes, phase equilibrium data are first required. The key to obtaining the phase equilibrium data lies in finding the activity coefficient of each component in the solution in the equilibrium phase, which is the most difficult problem in the phase equilibrium calculation. At present, the phase equilibrium data is mainly determined by experiments, but the actual number