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目的：探讨癌症住院患者病原菌感染与其耐药性，为癌症患者的感染防治与合理用药提供临床依据。方法选择2012年1月－2014年12月86例癌症发生医院感染患者为研究对象，采集患者各种标本送检，用德国西门子公司的全自动细菌鉴定药敏分析仪进行病原菌鉴定，部分药敏试验采用 K‐B 琼脂扩散法，所有数据采用 SPSS 17．0统计软件进行统计分析。结果86例癌症患者感染病原菌主要来自痰液、尿液、咽拭子及血液，分别占30．2％、16．3％、14．0％及11．6％；86株病原菌中革兰阴性菌50株占58．1％、革兰阳性菌19株占22．1％、真菌17株占19．8％，主要以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、白色假丝酵母菌为主，分别占20．9％、11．6％和10．5％；大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为对亚胺培南、阿米卡星、氨曲南耐药率较低，凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和金黄葡萄球菌对利奈唑胺、万古霉素和替加环素敏感。结论癌症住院患者病原菌感染以革兰阴性菌为主，需加强对癌症患者的病原菌和耐药性检测，以指导合理用药。“,”OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing infections in the hospi‐talized cancer patients so as to provide guidance for prevention of infections and reasonable use of antibiotics . METHODS From Jan 2012 to Dec 2014 ,totally 86 cancer patients with nosocomial infections were recruited as the study objects ,then the specimens were collected and submitted ,the pathogens were identified by using automatic bacterial identification drug susceptibility analyzer of Siemens ,Germany ;parts of drug susceptibility testings were performed with the use of K‐B agar diffusion method ,and all the data were analyzed by using SPSS 17 .0 software . RESULTS Of the pathogens isolated from the 86 cancer patients with infections ,30 .2% were isolated from the sputum specimens ,16 .3% were isolated from the urine specimens ,14 .0% were isolated from the throat swabs , and 11 .6% were isolated from the blood specimens .Among the 86 strains of pathogens ,there were 50 (58 .1% ) strains of gram‐negative bacteria ,19 (22 .1% ) strains of gram‐positive bacteria ,and 17 (19 .8% ) strains of fungi . Escherichia coli ,K lebsiella pneumoniae ,and Candida albicans were dominant among the pathogens ,accounting for 20 .9% ,11 .6% ,and 10 .5% ,respectively .The drug resistance rates of the E .coli and K .pneumoniae to imi‐penem ,amikacin ,and aztreonam were low .The coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to linezolid ,vancomycin ,and tigecycline .CONCLUSION The gram‐negative bacteria are dominant among the pathogens causing infections in the hospitalized cancer patients .It is necessary to strengthen the detec‐tion of the pathogens and analyze the drug resistance so as to guide the reasonable medication .