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目的对绵阳重灾区救灾人员进行心理测评,为增进心理健康提供科学的依据。方法 2008年5月12日四川汶川发生8.0级特大地震。震后30 d内,调查分三组在绵阳重灾区利用症状白评量表(SCL-90)对600名救灾人员进行了测试,并与1999年文献发表的19 662名军人常模结果及1986年文献发表的1388名中国正常人常模结果进行比较,判断总均分和各因子分值的差异,统计阳性项目,分析影响因素。结果 (1)在地震应急期,救灾人员SCL-90总分均低于军人常模和地方常模结果(均P<0.01);(2)救灾人员心理健康问题主要表现为身体症状(1.22±0.29)分,强迫症状(1.29±0.36)分;(3)救灾人员心理健康与救灾地区和军人文化程度呈正相关(r_1=0.29,r_2=0.15,P均<0.01),与参加救灾天数呈负相关(r=-0.28,r<0.01)。结论在地震应急期,救灾人员心理健康状况较好,但躯体症状和强迫症状等心理问题突出。参与救灾时间、救灾地区和救灾人员受教育程度是影响心理状态的主要因素。
Objective To conduct psychological evaluation of relief workers in the disaster-stricken areas in Mianyang and provide a scientific basis for improving mental health. Methods On May 12, 2008, a magnitude 8.0 earthquake occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan. Within 30 days after the earthquake, the survey divided the three groups into 600 disaster relief personnel using the White Table of Symptom Scale (SCL-90) in Mianyang City, and compared with 19,662 military model results published in 1999 and 1986 The published norms of the norms of 1388 Chinese normal people published in the year literature were compared to determine the difference between the total average score and each factor score. The positive items were counted and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results (1) The total score of SCL-90 in disaster relief workers was lower than that of military norms and local norm (all P <0.01) during the earthquake emergency period. (2) The mental health problems of disaster relief workers were mainly physical symptoms (1.22 ± 0.29), and forced symptoms (1.29 ± 0.36); (3) There was a positive correlation between mental health and disaster relief areas and military culture of relief workers (r_1 = 0.29, r_2 = 0.15, P <0.01) (R = -0.28, r <0.01). Conclusion In the emergency of earthquake, the mental health status of relief workers is good, but the psychological problems such as somatic symptoms and obsessive-compulsive symptoms are prominent. Participation in disaster relief time, disaster relief areas and disaster relief personnel education is the main factor affecting mental state.