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[目的]研究“秸秆还田或不还田”与“地下水或黄河水灌溉”对小麦各生育期土壤酶活性动态变化的影响。[方法]以冬小麦济麦22号为试验材料,采用大田种植试验,研究“秸秆还田或不还田”与“地下水或黄河水灌溉”对冬小麦各生育期根际土壤酶活性的动态变化的影响。[结果]随着生育期的推进,各处理的小麦根际脲酶活性总体呈“上升-下降-上升”的折线变化趋势,转化酶活性和磷酸酶活性总体均成先上升后下降的变化趋势。秸秆还田处理在4个生育期均不同程度的提高了小麦根际脲酶活,同时,除灌浆期外,地下水灌溉比黄河水灌溉更利于小麦根际酶活性的提高。各处理对小麦转化酶活性影响不明显。生育前期,各处理对小麦根际磷酸酶活性的影响较大,在拔节期,秸秆还田处理和地下水灌溉处理能显著提高2种磷酸酶的活性,促进植物和微生物对磷素的吸收和转运;孕穗期地-还处理下土壤酸性磷酸酶的活性显著高于另外3种处理方式。[结论]该研究结果为分析土壤酶活性与作物生长及土壤根际微生物之间存在的动态变化关系奠定了基础。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effect of “straw returning or not returning to field” and “groundwater of irrigation of the Yellow River” on dynamic changes of soil enzyme activities in different growth stages of wheat. [Method] With winter wheat, Jimai 22 as test material, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of “straw returning or non returning ” and “groundwater or irrigation from the Yellow River ” on the enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of winter wheat The impact of dynamic changes. [Result] As the growth period progressed, the rhizosphere soil urease activity of all treatments showed a trend of “rising-falling-rising” and the change of invertase activity and phosphatase activity first increased and then decreased trend. The straw returning treatment increased rhizosphere urease activity of wheat in four different growth stages. In addition to groundwater irrigation, groundwater irrigation was more beneficial to rhizosphere enzyme activity in wheat than yellow water irrigation. Each treatment had no significant effect on wheat invertase activity. In the early growth period, the activities of phosphatase in wheat rhizosphere soil were significantly affected by the treatments. The activities of two phosphatases and the absorption and transport of phosphorus by plants and microorganisms were enhanced significantly at jointing stage, straw returning treatment and groundwater irrigation treatment ; At booting stage - the activity of soil acid phosphatase under treatment was significantly higher than the other three treatments. [Conclusion] The results of this study laid the foundation for analyzing the relationship between soil enzyme activity and crop growth and the dynamic changes of soil rhizosphere microbes.