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水利纷争是清代河西走廊主要的社会问题之一。为解决水利纷争,建立了不同层次的分水制度,即流域内上下游各县之间的一次分水,一县内各渠坝之间的二次分水,一渠坝内部各使水利户之间的三次分水,力图使各县之间、各渠坝、各农户之间平均用水。分水的技术方法是确定水期、水额。分水的制度原则有二:一是公平原则,即按地理远近;二是效率原则,即按修渠人夫使水、记亩均水和按粮均水,记亩均水多实行于水源丰沛地区,按粮均水多实行于水源短缺地区。分水制度在一定程度上缓解了水利纷争。地方各级政府发挥了调节平均用水的作用。
Dispute over water conservancy is one of the major social problems in Hexi Corridor in Qing Dynasty. In order to solve the dispute over water conservancy, different levels of water diversion system have been established, namely, a division of water between upstream and downstream counties in the basin, secondary water diversion among canal dams within a county, Three times between the water diversion, trying to make the counties, the dams, the average water consumption among farmers. The technical method of dividing water is to determine the water period and the amount of water. The principle of water diversion has two principles: First, the principle of fairness, that is, according to geographical distance; second, the efficiency principle, that is, according to cultivate people to make water diversion, record acres of water and water by grain, water acres were recorded in the water Rich area, according to the average amount of grain practiced in water-scarce areas. Water division system to some extent ease the water disputes. Local governments at all levels have played a role in regulating the average water use.