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目的探讨祁连县1958-2014年间鼠疫流行势态,为今后鼠疫防治提供科学依据。方法应用Excel软件分析1958-2014年青海省地方病预防控制所人间鼠疫病例数据库、鼠疫监测和鼠疫疫源地调查资料。结果 1958-2014年57年间祁连县从各种染疫动物及媒介体内分离鼠疫菌159株,以喜马拉雅旱獭为主,占58.49%(93/159);其次为斧形盖蚤,占16.35%(26/159)。动物鼠疫的流行季节为每年的5~10月,高峰期为5~9月。人间鼠疫疫情在1958-1968年流行猛烈,1969-2003年未发生人间鼠疫疫情,2004年和2011年又发生人间鼠疫疫情2起,死亡2例。结论祁连县鼠疫疫情仍然严峻,动物鼠疫连年不断,人间鼠疫有抬头趋势。在进行旱獭鼠疫监测的同时,落实各项综合防控措施,以减少人间鼠疫的发生和流行。
Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of plague in Qilian County from 1958 to 2014 and provide a scientific basis for future prevention and control of plague. Methods The Excel software was used to analyze the database of human plague cases, plague surveillance and plague origin in Qinghai Province from 1958 to 2014. Results A total of 159 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated from various infected animals and mediums in Qilian County from 1958 to 2014, accounting for 58.49% (93/159) of the total, with Himalayan Marmot being the dominant species, followed by Axial flea (16.35% (26/159). The epidemic season of animal plague is from May to October each year, and the peak is from May to September. The outbreak of human plague epidemic in 1958-1968 years of fierce epidemic, 1969-2003 human plague epidemic did not occur in 2004 and 2011 occurred again plague epidemic in 2 cases, 2 deaths. Conclusion The epidemic situation of plague in Qilian County is still severe. The animal plague has been increasing year after year. The human plague is on the rise. In the marmot plague monitoring at the same time, the implementation of a comprehensive prevention and control measures to reduce the occurrence and prevalence of human plague.