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本字问题是因汉语方言词语中音义变化或字形改变致使词语和字形失去联系而产生的。考证本字就是要恢复词语和字形的联系,找回本字。考证要从音义两方面入手,结合文献材料来进行。词语音义的变化可能会比较复杂,为此考证工作还要借助其他某些原则和方法。比如语音方面,要注意通过与不同方言的比较寻找本字,在白读音和早期时间层次中寻找本字,用音变规律解释本字的特殊音值等。词义方面,要注意词语意义的转化,词类的转化,以及某些本字词义脱离基本意义范围的变化等。本字考证难度大,又加历史文献本身存在的问题,使考证工作具有某种程度的局限性。
The problem of this word is caused by the loss of the connection between words and glyphs due to the change of phonetic meaning or the change of glyphs in Chinese dialects. Textual research is to restore the word and glyph contact, find the word. Textual research should start with two aspects of sound and meaning, combined with literature and materials. Changes in the meaning of words and phrases may be more complex, for which research work must also take advantage of some other principles and methods. For example, in the aspect of voice, we should look for the word by comparing with different dialects, look for the word in white pronunciation and early time level, and explain the special value of the word with the law of sound variation. In terms of meaning, we should pay attention to the transformation of the meaning of the words, the transformation of the parts of speech and the change of the meaning of some words from the scope of the basic meaning. The word textual research difficult, but also the problems inherent in the history of the literature, so that the textual research work has a certain degree of limitations.