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传统微观经济学认为公共品的边际福利效应总是正的,很多实证结论证实了这一点。但是,在转型过程中,落后农业区出现了公共品内生供给增加,对福利的增加影响不显著,甚至有副作用。本文提出一种理论解释模型,认为落后农业区存在不完全可调整的消费约束线,使经济无法实现新的均衡,引致了负面的福利效应。我们用落后农业区的样本检验,得出公共品的转移支付可以提高福利,而当地自筹财政收入对福利影响总是不显著的。所以我们认为加大对落后农业区的转移支付对小农社会转型是必要的。
Traditional microeconomics holds that the marginal welfare effect of public goods is always positive, and many empirical conclusions confirm this point. However, in the process of transformation, there was an increase in the endogenous supply of public goods in the backward agricultural areas, with no significant effect on the increase of welfare and even side effects. This paper presents a theoretical model to explain that there is an incompletely adjustable consumption constraint in underdeveloped agricultural regions, which makes the economy unable to achieve a new equilibrium and leads to negative welfare effects. We use the sample of backward rural areas to test and conclude that the transfer payment of public goods can improve the welfare, while the local self-financed revenue has no significant impact on welfare. Therefore, we think it is necessary to increase the transfer payment of backward agricultural areas to the social transformation of smallholder farmers.