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目的比较孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童和正常对照儿童的大脑灰质体积,探索ASD大脑结构异常的神经影像学证据。方法采集21例ASD儿童及9名正常儿童的全脑T1结构MRI图像,采用基于体素的形态学测量(VBM)方法计算两组被试大脑各区域的灰质体积,并采用双样本t检验结合Alphasim多重检验矫正寻找差异脑区,采用多元回归分析与相关分析探究ASD组异常脑区的灰质体积与临床表型和年龄的关系。结果与对照组相比,ASD组中灰质体积增大的区域位于楔前叶、距状皮层、舌回和左侧扣带回后部以及左侧缘上回、左侧颞上回、左侧顶下小叶、左侧中央后回、左侧罗兰迪克岛盖和左侧颞中回(校正后P值均<0.05)。异常的左侧缘上回和左侧顶下小叶灰质体积与孤独症诊断访谈量表社会互动障碍(r=-0.64,P=0.002)和孤独症诊断观察量表相互性社会互动(r=-0.58,P=0.006)得分均呈负相关。ASD组中存在差异的脑区灰质体积随着年龄增大呈减小的趋势(r=-0.52,P=0.017),而对照组中未见该趋势(r=-0.15,P=0.69)。结论ASD儿童灰质体积改变见于多个脑区,ASD儿童大脑结构存在明显异常。
Objective To compare the cerebral gray matter volume of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and normal control children and to explore the neuroimaging evidence of abnormal brain structure of ASD. Methods The whole brain T1 MRI images of 21 ASD children and 9 normal children were collected. The volume of gray matter in each region of the two groups was calculated by the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method. Two-sample t-test Alphasim multiple test to find differences in brain regions, using multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis to explore the ASD abnormal brain gray matter volume and clinical phenotype and age. Results Compared with the control group, the volume of gray matter increased in the ASD group was located in the anterior wedge leaf, which was located in the anterior cingulate lobe and posterior to the cortex, lingual gyrus and left cingulate gyrus, The inferior parietal lobe, the left central back, the left Roland Duck lid and the left middle temporal gyrus (corrected P <0.05). (R = -0.64, P = 0.002) and the autism social interaction questionnaire (r = - 0.64, P = 0.002) 0.58, P = 0.006) scores were negatively correlated. The gray matter volume of brain regions in ASD group decreased with age (r = -0.52, P = 0.017), but not in the control group (r = -0.15, P = 0.69). Conclusion The changes of gray matter volume in children with ASD are found in multiple brain regions. The brain structure of children with ASD is obviously abnormal.