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目的:对比9~11岁肥胖、超重和正常体重小学生自然条件下体力活动情况和膳食摄入的差异,探寻引起小学生发生肥胖的因素。方法:北京市、武汉市三所小学高年级9~11岁小学生中肥胖、超重儿童共57名为研究对象,正常体重的同性别同班级儿童为对照。测定受试者的身高、体重、体脂百分比、1周体力活动能耗,计算各组受试者日均体力活动能量消耗(PAEE)、每时体力活动能量消耗、代谢当量(MET)、日均步数和平均每分钟计步数等数据;采用膳食调查法,记录受试者1周的饮食情况,根据中国食物成分表计算日均能量摄入、日均热能营养素摄入量和三餐热能占每日热能摄入的百分比。结果:1周体力活动监测发现,肥胖、超重小学生日均PAEE显著高于正常体重组小学生(P<0.05),但日均每公斤体重能量消耗(PAEE/W)、MET、日均步数各组小学生无显著差异。选取小学生在校日和休假日分别分析,结果与1周体力活动监测反映的情况基本相同,但各组小学生休假日各项反映体力活动水平的数据较在校日有所下降。肥胖组小学生日均膳食能量摄入量显著高于超重组、正常体重组(P<0.05),晚餐能量摄入量占日膳食能量摄入量的百分比显著高于正常体重组,早餐、午餐能量摄入量所占百分比显著低于正常体重组(P<0.05),日均摄入的热能营养素(糖类、脂类、蛋白质)的绝对量均高于正常体重组,但其中只有脂类热量摄入量占总热量摄入量的百分比显著高于正常体重组(P<0.05)。结论:早餐热能摄入量所占比例较低,而晚餐热能摄入量所占比例过高;热能营养素绝对摄入量高,且比例不合理,脂类的摄入量过高;休假日体力活动水平下降可能是生长发育期儿童发生肥胖的因素。
OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in physical activity and dietary intake of obese, overweight and normal weight pupils aged 9-11 years and explore the factors that cause pupils to develop obesity. Methods: Fifty-seven obese and overweight children aged 9-11 years old from three primary schools in Beijing and Wuhan were enrolled in this study. Subjects with same-sex and same-class children of normal weight were compared. The body weight, percentage of body fat and energy expenditure of physical activity in one week were measured. PAEE, energy expenditure per exercise, MET, Average number of steps and the average number of steps per minute and other data; dietary survey method, record subjects 1 week diet, according to the Chinese food composition table calculate the average daily energy intake, daily intake of energy nutrients and meals Thermal energy as a percentage of daily caloric intake. Results: One week’s physical activity monitoring found that the average daily average PAEE of obese and overweight primary school students was significantly higher than that of normal school-age primary school students (P <0.05), but the average daily average PEEE, PAEE / W, No significant difference between group pupils. The primary school students were analyzed on the school day and on the leave day respectively. The results were basically the same as the one-week physical activity monitoring. However, the data on physical activity level on pupils’ vacation on each school day dropped slightly from the school days. Dietary intake of dietary intake of pupils in obese group was significantly higher than that of overweight group and normal body weight group (P <0.05). The percentage of energy intake of dinner meal to daily dietary energy intake was significantly higher than that of normal weight group. Breakfast and lunch energy The percentage of intake was significantly lower than that of normal weight group (P <0.05). The absolute daily intake of caloric nutrients (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins) was higher than that of normal body weight group, but only lipid calorie The percentage of total caloric intake was significantly higher than that of normal body weight (P <0.05). Conclusion: The proportion of breakfast caloric intake is lower, while the proportion of dinner calorie intake is too high. The absolute intake of caloric nutrients is high, and the proportion is unreasonable, the lipid intake is too high. Activity decline may be growth and development of children obesity factors.