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目的总结仙桃市疟疾流行历史及防治历程,评估消除疟疾工作效果。方法收集仙桃市1950—2014年疟疾防治与消除疟疾工作相关数据,采用描述流行病学方法,从医疗卫生基础条件、防控措施及效果、工作保障等方面评估全市消除疟疾工作。结果疟疾曾是仙桃市常见病、高发病,1974年全市共报告病例158 004人,发病率达到13.65%。经过有效防治,疟疾发病逐年稳步下降,至1994年,全市疟疾发病降至100人,发病率首次降至1/万以下,达到0.66/万,2010年,报告最后1例本地感染病例。2015年4月,经省卫计委考核评估,达到国家消除疟疾标准。结论仙桃市疟疾的消除,有赖于政府对疟疾防治工作的重视、医疗卫生防疫事业的进步及坚持不懈的科学防控,劳动条件的改善和人们生活水平的提高促进了疟疾的早日消除。
Objective To summarize the epidemiological history of malaria and its prevention and treatment in Xiantao City and evaluate the effectiveness of eliminating malaria. Methods The data collected from 1950 to 2014 on malaria control and malaria elimination in Xiantao were collected and the descriptive epidemiological method was used to evaluate the malaria elimination work in the city from the aspects of the basic conditions of health care, prevention and control measures and effects and job security. Results Malaria was once a common disease in Xiantao City. In 1974, a total of 158 004 cases were reported in the city, accounting for 13.65% of all cases. After effective prevention and treatment, the incidence of malaria has steadily declined year by year. By 1994, the incidence of malaria in the whole city dropped to 100 and the incidence dropped to below 1 / 10,000 for the first time, reaching 0.66 / million. In 2010, the last case of local infection was reported. In April 2015, the Provincial Health and Welfare Commission evaluated and assessed the national malaria elimination standard. Conclusion The elimination of malaria in Xiantao depends on the government’s emphasis on prevention and treatment of malaria. The advancement of medical and health epidemic prevention and its unrelenting scientific prevention and control, the improvement of working conditions and the improvement of people’s living standard promote the early elimination of malaria.