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《三国演义》中的空城计,是诸葛亮打破常规思维的一种冒险举动。诸葛亮一生唯谨慎,从不冒险。但街亭失守后,出现了非常危险的情况:司马懿带领15万大军,兵临西城,而当时诸葛亮身边,已无一员大将,老弱残兵,不过2000多人。如何渡过难关?从不冒险的诸葛亮在此特殊情况下,冒了一个大险:城门大开,诸葛亮则于城楼上,凭栏而坐,焚香操琴。结果司马懿疑有伏兵,退兵而去。这里诸葛亮采取的就是“超常规思维”,遵循的就是“例外原则”。假如当初诸葛亮不采取这种非常之策,纵令他有天大本事,也无法避免兵败城破的危险。而司马懿之所以失败。恐怕还是他受了常规思维的消极影响,用老眼光看新问题,用老经验处理新事情,结果上了大当。
The empty city plan in The Romance of The Three Kingdoms is a risk-taking move by Zhuge Liang to break the conventional thinking. Zhuge Liang cautious life, never adventure. However, after the kiosk fell, there was a very dangerous situation: Sima Yi led 150,000 troops and took over Xicheng. At that time, Zhuge Liang had no other generals, but more than 2,000 disabled soldiers. How to weather the storm? Never risk Zhuge Liang in this particular case, took a big danger: the city gate open, Zhuge Liang is in the tower, the fence and sitting incense gymnastics. Sima Yi suspected ambush results, retreating away. Zhuge Liang here to take is “unconventional thinking”, followed is the “exception principle.” If the original Zhuge Liang does not take such a very good strategy, even if he has a great talent, but also can not avoid the danger of defeat defeated the city. And Sima Yi failed. I am afraid he is still subject to the negative impact of conventional thinking. Looking at new problems from an old-age perspective and handling new things with old-fashioned experience, the result is a big one.