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目的:探讨儿童精神分裂症患者的依恋特征及相关因素。方法:71例南京脑科医院儿童门诊或病房儿童精神分裂症患者为病例组,普通中小学正常儿童及青少年128名为对照组。用亲密关系经历量表、青少年依恋问卷、家庭环境量表中文版和父母养育方式量表对儿童及其父母实施调查。结果:①病例组家庭依恋的依赖性分数(11.96±2.33)显著高于对照组(11.10±2.70);家庭依恋的焦虑性分数(9.28±2.72)非常显著高于对照组(8.48±2.54);朋友依恋的亲和性分数(14.75±3.49)非常显著低于对照组(15.83±2.80);朋友依恋的消极性分数(8.85±3.05)显著高于对照组(7.34±2.56)。②Logistic回归分析表明,家庭依恋的依赖性,朋友依恋的消极性、父亲的焦虑、家庭环境的控制性,父亲偏爱被试、父亲拒绝否认、母亲惩罚严厉为儿童精神分裂症的危险因素;家庭环境的亲密度是保护因素。结论:儿童精神分裂症患者依恋特征与正常人有差异,可能与家庭环境和父母养育方式有关。
Objective: To investigate the attachment characteristics and related factors in children with schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 71 cases of schizophrenia in children outpatient department or ward in Nanjing Brain Hospital were selected as case group, 128 normal children and adolescents as control group. A survey was conducted on children and their parents using the Intimacy Extensions Scale, Adolescent Attachment Questionnaire, Family Environment Scale Chinese Version and Parental Rearing Scale. Results: ① The dependency score of family attachment in case group was significantly higher than that of control group (11.96 ± 2.33) (11.10 ± 2.70). The anxiety score of family attachment was significantly higher than that of control group (9.28 ± 2.72) (8.48 ± 2.54). The affinity score of friend attachment (14.75 ± 3.49) was significantly lower than that of control group (15.83 ± 2.80). The negative score of friend attachment (8.85 ± 3.05) was significantly higher than that of control group (7.34 ± 2.56). (2) Logistic regression analysis showed that dependency of family attachment, passive attachment of friends, father’s anxiety, family environment control, father’s preference for subjects, father’s refusal to deny, and severe punishment of mother as risk factors for childhood schizophrenia. The degree of intimacy is a protective factor. Conclusion: The characteristics of attachment in children with schizophrenia are different from those in normal subjects, which may be related to family environment and parental rearing patterns.