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回顾了水资源规划(WRP)中供水与竞争性需水相匹配这一传统问题。随着世界人口持续增长,高效开发和管理可用水资源比以往更为重要。同样重要的还有最大限度地减小人类活动对环境的影响。该研究旨在确定一种在WRP过程中能够考虑环境影响的方法。该方法是将反映环境影响的各种水资源方案(施工和运行期)的成本进行加权计算,然后再加入到经济规划模型中。加权计算的作用是鼓励选择有利于环境的方案,舍弃有害于环境的方案。这种综合性方法的主要目的是使环境治理总成本最小(按基准年进行贴现计算)。建立了名为ENRES的综合性规划模型来完成这个任务。该模型可以首先对全部开发方案(水源工程或者调水工程)进行环境影响评价,然后再利用优化技术进行水资源分配。借助于所提供的所有方法,该模型可用于进行有和未考虑环境影响的规划,这样,就可以在规划过程中量化环境影响的成本。
Recalls the traditional issue of matching water supply with competing water needs in the Water Resources Planning (WRP). As the world’s population continues to grow, more efficient development and management of available water resources is more important than ever. It is also important to minimize the environmental impact of human activities. The study aimed to identify a way to consider the environmental impact of the WRP process. The approach is to weight the costs of various water resources programs (construction and operation) that reflect the environmental impact and then add them to the economic planning model. The role of weighted calculations is to encourage the selection of pro-environment programs and to discard programs that are harmful to the environment. The main purpose of this comprehensive approach is to minimize the total cost of environmental management (calculated on a discount basis year). A comprehensive planning model named ENRES was created to accomplish this task. The model can first evaluate the environmental impact of all development programs (water source projects or water transfer projects) and then use the optimization techniques to allocate water resources. With all the methods provided, the model can be used for planning with and without environmental impact so that the cost of environmental impacts can be quantified during planning.