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粒状头样2(GRHL2)作为果蝇GRH(grainyhead)基因在哺乳动物中的同源基因之一,不仅参与调控胚胎发育、表皮屏障形成、表皮损伤修复以及中枢神经系统的发育等诸多生命活动过程,而且在乳腺癌、肝癌、口腔鳞状细胞癌等多种肿瘤的发生发展中发挥着重要作用。GRHL2在肝癌、乳腺癌、口腔鳞状细胞癌等肿瘤中表达升高,促进肿瘤细胞增殖,抑制细胞凋亡;而在上皮-间质转化(EMT)相关的乳腺癌中则下调表达,促进EMT的发生。GRHL2在肿瘤细胞中作用机制复杂而多样,既包括死亡受体相关的凋亡作用,人端粒反转录酶(hTERT)的活化,也涉及到EMT的发生、失巢凋亡敏感性增加。随着对GRHL2研究的深入,将有望为恶性肿瘤的临床诊断和治疗开辟新的方向。
As a homologous gene of GRH (grainyhead) gene in mammals, GRHL2 not only participates in many life processes such as embryonic development, formation of epidermal barrier, repair of epidermal injury and development of central nervous system , But also plays an important role in the occurrence and development of many cancers such as breast cancer, liver cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma. GRHL2 is up-regulated in tumors such as liver cancer, breast cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma, promoting tumor cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. GRHL2 is down-regulated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) -related breast cancer and promotes EMT happened. GRHL2 has a complex and diverse mechanism of action in tumor cells, including death receptor-related apoptosis, activation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), and the occurrence of EMT, and an increased sensitivity to anoikis. With the further research on GRHL2, it is expected to open up a new direction for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors.