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目的分析甲型病毒性肝炎暴发疫情的流行特征和现场处置情况,为预防甲肝暴发疫情的发生和提高应急处置能力提供建议。方法根据传染病报告信息管理系统数据和流行病学调查资料,对2007-2010年毕节市5起甲肝暴发疫情进行描述流行病学分析。结果 5起甲肝暴发疫情共报告病例1 937例,占全市总报告病例的47.24%。病例主要集中在19岁以下人群,职业以学生和散居儿童为主。疫情主要发生在旱灾期间或暴雨之后,均与水源污染有关。1起疫情由乡卫生院报告后发现,另外4起疫情由市级以上疾控中心预警后发现。流行时间最短19 d、最长182 d。5起疫情均采取控制传染源、切断传播途径和保护易感人群等综合防控措施。结论疫情的发现和处置不及时是甲肝暴发疫情扩散、蔓延的主要原因,应加强疫情动态监测,及时发现和识别甲肝疫情异常情况并采取强有力的控制措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and field disposal of outbreaks of hepatitis A virus and provide suggestions for preventing the occurrence of hepatitis A outbreak and improving emergency response capacity. Methods Epidemiological analysis of 5 cases of hepatitis A outbreak in Bijie City in 2007-2010 was conducted according to the data of infectious disease reporting information management system and epidemiological survey data. Results A total of 1 937 cases of hepatitis A outbreak were reported, accounting for 47.24% of the total reported cases in the city. Cases are mainly concentrated in people under 19 years old, occupations to students and diaspora-based. The outbreak mainly occurred during the drought or after heavy rain, both related to water pollution. An epidemic situation reported by the township hospitals found that the other four outbreaks by the municipal level CDC early warning and found. The shortest prevalence was 19 days and the longest was 182 days. Five outbreaks were taken to control sources of infection, cut off the transmission and protection of susceptible populations and other comprehensive prevention and control measures. Conclusion The detection and treatment of the outbreak is not timely is the main reason for the spread and spread of hepatitis A outbreak. We should strengthen the dynamic surveillance of the outbreak and timely detect and identify the abnormal situation of the hepatitis A and adopt the strong control measures.