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The principal pathology of Alzheimer’s disease includes neuronal extracellular deposition of amyloid-beta peptides and formation of senile pl aques, which in t induce neuroinlfammation in the brain. Triptolide, a natural extract from the vine-like herb Tripterygium wilfordiiHook F, has potent anti-inlfammatory and immunosuppressive efifcacy. Therefore, we determined if triptolide can inhibit activation and proliferation of microglial cells and astrocytes in the APP/PS1 double transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. We used 1 or 5 μg/kg/d triptolide to treat APP/PS1 double transgenic mice (aged 4–4.5 months) for 45 days. Unbiased stereology analysis found that triptolide dose-dependent-ly reduced the total number of microglial cells, and transformed microglial cells into the resting state. Further, triptolide (5 μg/kg/d) also reduced the total number of hippocampal astrocytes. Our in vivo test results indicate that triptolide suppresses activation and proliferation of microglial cells and astrocytes in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice with Alzheimer’s disease.