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目的对比空军招飞医学选拔复选和定选中肾下垂检查结果的差异,分析产生的可能原因,探讨更为合理的体检方法。方法收集2016年某地区参加空军招飞体检复选和定选2次选拔的1334名学员的肾触诊结果,对比肾下垂检查结果的差异。结果本研究入选的学员均否认腰酸、腰痛、反复泌尿系感染等肾下垂相关临床症状,且化验尿常规均正常。复选中,肾下垂阳性(肋下触及肾)检出率为10.2%,定选中肾下垂阳性检出率为5.5%,两者存在显著性差异(P<0.001);对复选和定选的肾下垂检出率进行比较,二者差异具有统计学意义(Z=-2.942,P=0.003);复选时肾下垂淘汰率为1.3%,定选肾下垂淘汰率为0.22%,二者存在显著性差异(P=0.001);且肾下垂程度的分布情况具有统计学差异(Z=-6.987,P<0.001)。结论复选和定选中肾下垂的医学选拔结果具有较大差异,提示我军目前肾下垂的体格检查精确度不高。有必要对招飞体检中如何进行肾下垂科学检查进行更深入的探究,改进体检方法,制定更为科学合理的体检标准。
Objective To compare the differences between the air force recruitment examination selection and the renal selection test, and to analyze the possible causes and discuss the more reasonable physical examination methods. Methods A total of 1334 trainees who participated in the air force medical check-up and two-time selection in a certain area of the PLA in 2016 were retrospectively analyzed to compare the results of renal palpation. Results The participants in this study all deny the clinical symptoms of renal ptosis such as backache, low back pain and repeated urinary tract infection, and the urine tests were normal. In the check-up, the positive rate of renal descent (touching the rib under the ribs) was 10.2%, and the positive rate of renal descent was 5.5% (both P <0.001) (P = 0.003), the rate of renal ptosis was 1.3%, and the rate of renal ptosis was 0.22%, both of which were present (P = 0.001). The distribution of renal ptosis was statistically different (Z = -6.987, P <0.001). Conclusions The results of medical selection of patients with renal ptosis undergoing selective examinations and examinations are quite different, suggesting that the physical examination accuracy of current renal ptosis in our military is not high. It is necessary to carry out a more in-depth exploration on how to carry out the scientific examination of renal ptosis in the examination of physical examination, improve the physical examination methods and formulate a more scientific and reasonable physical examination standard.