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目的根据2011-2015年昌吉回族自治州七县市上报的出生缺陷数据,分析其出生缺陷的发生情况及相关因素,探索降低出生缺陷发生的干预措施。方法对2011-2015年昌吉回族自治州七县市计划生育服务机构、妇幼保健机构及疾病预防控制中心上报的数据资料进行统计分析。结果 2011-2015年昌吉州报告出生缺陷人数为484例,出生缺陷发生率为7.93‰,各年出生缺陷发生率总体呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=74.40,P=0.000);出生缺陷发生率位于前5位的出生缺陷分别为多指(趾)、唇腭裂、先天性心脏病、脑积水、神经管畸形;汉族和少数民族出生缺陷发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.89,P=0.17);农村出生缺陷发生率高于城市,经逐年χ~2检验,2011年和2014年差异有统计学意义,而其他3年无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论做好出生缺陷监测工作,加强出生缺陷三级预防是降低出生缺陷发生的必要措施。
Objective To analyze the incidence and related factors of birth defects based on the data of birth defects reported in seven counties and cities in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture from 2011 to 2015 and explore the interventions to reduce birth defects. Methods Statistical analysis was conducted on the data reported by family planning service agencies, MCH institutions and CDC in seven counties in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture during 2011-2015. Results The number of birth defects in Changji was 484 and the incidence of birth defects was 7.93 ‰ in 2011-2015. The overall incidence of birth defects in each year showed a decreasing trend with a statistically significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 74.40, P = 0.000) ; The incidence of birth defects in the top five birth defects were multi-finger, cleft lip and palate, congenital heart disease, hydrocephalus, neural tube defects; Han and ethnic minority birth defects, the difference was not statistically significant (Χ ~ 2 = 1.89, P = 0.17). The incidence rate of birth defects in rural areas was higher than that in cities. After years of χ ~ 2 test, the difference between 2011 and 2014 was statistically significant, while the other three years was not statistically significant > 0.05). Conclusion To do a good job of monitoring birth defects and to strengthen tertiary prevention of birth defects are necessary measures to reduce birth defects.