三氯乙酸的催化分解(Ⅱ)

• 作 者: 邵全省 陈平
• 机 构: 宁波师范专科学校化学科,宁波师范专科学校化学科
• 出 处: 科学通报
• 发表日期: 1982年12期
• 关键词: 催化分解 相转移催化剂 三氯乙酸 卡宾 亲核取代 加成 金属阳离子 三氯乙酰氯 氧化还原 四级

前文曾指出,NH_4和碱金属阳离子性质相近,对三氯乙酸分解生成三氯乙酰氯应具有催化作用。但由于NH_4易被分解而不具有催化作用。我们发现,四级烷基铵盐(NR_4)具有这种催化作用。季铵盐作为相转移催化剂的一类,在有机合成上被广泛地应用,能促进烃化、缩合、亲核取代、消除、加成、氧化还原及卡宾生成等反应。但至今未见会促进本工作所述的反应。

Earlier it was pointed out that NH_4 and alkali metal cations are similar in nature and should catalyze the decomposition of trichloroacetic acid into trichloroacetyl chloride. However, due to NH_4 is easy to be decomposed and does not have a catalytic effect. We have found that quaternary alkylammonium salts (NR 4) have this catalytic effect. Quaternary ammonium salts, as phase transfer catalysts, are widely used in organic synthesis to promote reactions such as alkylation, condensation, nucleophilic substitution, elimination, addition, redox and carbene formation. However, no response so far has been shown to facilitate this exercise.