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实证主义自命为启蒙理性的审判官,并确实意识到启蒙理性的缺陷,但他们把启蒙理性所主张的“知识就是力量”片面化了,进而把一切科学活动简化为如何发现规律和进行预测的活动,把所有人类行为的目的简化为通过控制自然达到维持生存的目的,并在按照自然规律办事的名义下,拒斥一切按照人类崇高理念改造社会现实的主张。在法兰克福学派看来,这是由于启蒙理性掉入自己所编织的工具理性之网的缘故,只有进行理性的批判才能跳出启蒙的陷阱,完成理性的辩证发展过程。直至今天,我们处理社会问题的思维方式依然徘徊在革命的理想主义和经验的实证主义之间。如何在遵循客观规律的科学态度和克服不公正的社会现象的革命精神之间寻求一个适度的平衡点,依然是摆在我们面前一个亟待解决的问题。
Positivism asserts itself as the judge of enlightenment rationality and does realize the defects of enlightenment rationality. However, they unify the “knowledge is power” advocated by enlightenment rationality and simplify all scientific activities into how to discover the laws and conduct The predicted activity simplifies all the purposes of human behavior to the purpose of subsistence through control of nature and, in the name of acting in accordance with the law of nature, rejects all claims of reforming social reality in accordance with the lofty ideas of mankind. To the Frankfurt school, this is because the enlightenment reason falls into the network of the reasoning of the tools we have woven. Only through rational criticism can we jump out of the trap of enlightenment and complete the process of rational dialectical development. Until today, our way of thinking about social issues still lingered between revolutionary idealism and empirical positivism. How to find a proper balance between the scientific attitude of obeying the objective laws and the revolutionary spirit of overcoming unfair social phenomena remains an issue to be resolved before us.