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制度是人类社会实践的产物,伴随制度的产生就有了制度伦理的存在。中国传统的制度伦理在先秦时期表现出不同的思想脉络与特质。荀子由性恶论出发最终落脚于社会的政治控制及制度安排上,荀子性恶论是其制度运行机制设计的理论基石。“义”作为荀子思想体系中的核心价值观念是其礼、法制度设计与运行的伦理价值导向。荀子隆礼重法的制度运行机制化约为礼的社会组织功能、法的人群整治效用、礼法的双重控制目标等三个问题。荀子设计了以性恶论为理论基石、以贵义为价值诉求、以隆礼重法为最高准则的制度运行机制,彰显了对制度伦理与德性伦理双重价值诉求。作为儒家的荀子对德性伦理的过分强调使得荀子最终以义统礼法,表征了德性伦理相对于制度伦理的优先性,这种重德性轻制度的思想理路,使得客观化制度付诸阙如,对中国后世社会政治思想和伦理理念产生了深远影响。
System is the product of human social practice, with the emergence of the system there is the existence of institutional ethics. China’s traditional institutional ethics showed different ideological contexts and characteristics during the Pre-Qin period. Starting from the theory of sex, Xunzi finally settled in the political control and institutional arrangements in society, and Xunzi’s theory of sexual evil is the theoretical foundation for the design of its system operation mechanism. As the core values in Xunzi’s thought system, “justice” is the ethical value orientation of the design and operation of his courtesy and legal system. The system of running a courtesy ceremony of Xunzi system consists of three functions: the function of social organization which is about courtesy, the effectiveness of crowd control and the dual control objectives of courtesy and rites. Xunzi designed the system of operating mechanism based on the theory of sexuality and evil as the theoretical basis, the value of noble as the value, and the rule of honor and honor as the highest standard, demonstrating the dual value demands of the institutional ethics and moral ethics. As a Confucian, Xunzi’s overemphasis on the ethics of virtue led Xunzi to finally give priority to virtue ethics relative to institutional ethics by virtue of the rituals of etiquette. The ideological rationale of such a system of decency and virtue made the objective system ineffective , Which have had a profound impact on the social and political thoughts and ethical concepts in China’s later generations.