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目的调查出生体质量的分布情况及影响因素,探讨低出生体质量危险因素的聚集与低出生体质量危险性的关联性,为采取干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法抽取了来自中国5个省份中5个城市的市区、镇和农村,以2006年1月1日至2008年12月31日出生的婴幼儿及其父母为调查对象。共调查16 954名婴幼儿。采用现况调查方法,使用统一设计的调查表对调查对象进行面访调查。用非条件Logistic回归分析方法估计低出生体质量危险因素的比值比(OR)及其95%可信区间(95%CI)。结果多因素非条件Lo-gistic回归分析结果显示,在调整母亲民族、性别、出生地区等因素后,妊高征、生育胎次≥2次及早产这3个因素均与低出生体质量危险性相关联(均P<0.01);进一步分析危险因素聚集性,在调整母亲民族、性别、出生地区等因素后发现,与无危险因素聚集比较,随着危险因素聚集个数的增加,低出生体质量发生的危险性越高(趋势检验χ2=550.3,P<0.01),早产、胎次≥2、妊高征、孕期贫血这4个危险因素聚集1、2和≥3个的OR值分别为6.311(95%CI为5.024～7.926)、27.49(95%CI为19.80～38.18)和35.04(95%CI为15.66～78.40);危险因素聚集2个及以上的OR值均高于1项的OR值。结论低出生体质量危险性随着危险因素聚集个数的增加而增大。
Objective To investigate the distribution and influencing factors of birth weight, to explore the association between the risk of low birth weight and the risk of low birth weight, and to provide a reference for the intervention. Methods A multistage stratified stratified random cluster sampling method was used to extract urban, town and rural areas from 5 cities in 5 provinces in China. Infants and young children born from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2008 and their parents For the survey. A total of 16,954 infants and children were investigated. The current situation survey method, the use of unified design of the questionnaire survey of interviewees. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of risk factors for low birth weight. Results The multivariate non-conditional Lo-gistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for maternal ethnicity, gender and birth area, the three factors of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), parity of ≥2 births and premature birth were all associated with low birth weight risk (P <0.01); further analysis of risk factors clustering, adjusting the mother’s ethnicity, gender, place of birth and other factors found that compared with non-risk factors, with the increase in the number of risk factors gathered, low birth rate The risk of quality occurrence higher (trend test χ2 = 550.3, P <0.01), premature birth, parity ≥2, pregnancy-induced hypertension, anemia during pregnancy, these four risk factors gathered 1, 2 and ≥ 3 were OR 6.311 (95% CI: 5.024-7.926), 27.49 (95% CI: 19.80-38.18) and 35.04 (95% CI: 15.66-78.40). ORs with at least two risk factors clustered together were higher than one OR value. Conclusion The risk of low birth weight increases with the increase of the number of risk factors.