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目的了解利用铁路站车健康教育宣传活动进行结核病防治知识宣传的效果,为实现《全国结核病防治规划(2011—2015)》提出的全民知晓率达85%的目标服务。方法采用自填问卷的方式选择进入铁路车站乘车的旅客,按旅客聚集场所分为列车和候车室开展调查。结果共调查旅客160人,男性113人,女性47人;年龄以20~39岁为主,占调查人数的69.3%。其中专业技术人员占调查人数的24.4%,工人、运输业占15.0%,无业人员占15.0%,商业服务占12.5%,农林业和学生各占11.3%。居住地为农村/乡镇的占35.0%,中小城市占24.4%,县城占23.8%,大城市16.8%。结核病防治5条核心知识总知晓率为76.4%,比2010年全国第5次结核病流行病学抽样调查的57%提高了19%(χ2=121.75,P<0.01)。单条信息知晓率:对结核病症状的知晓率为84.3%,对能够治愈的知晓率为83.1%,结核病经呼吸道传播为73.1%,国家有免费政策知晓率为73.1%,各条知识知晓率之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.5,P<0.01)。怀疑自己得了结核病68.1%的旅客选择到结核病防治所/疾控中心就诊。在宣传活动中中有81.9%旅客听到广播播放的结核防治知识,72.5%的旅客看到了侯车室的宣传视频。47.5%的旅客看到并进行了阅读。结论利用铁路旅客旅行期间在候车、乘车时需要关注广播和视频节目的有利时机,因地制宜地开展结核病知识健康教育活动成效显著,应纳入结核病防治策略实施。
Objective To understand the effectiveness of the use of railway station vehicle health education and publicity activities in propagating tuberculosis prevention and control knowledge, and to achieve the goal of providing 85% of the national awareness rate for the National Tuberculosis Prevention Plan (2011-2015). Methods Passengers who entered the railway station by car were selected by self-enumeration questionnaire. The passengers were grouped into trains and waiting rooms to investigate. Results A total of 160 passengers were surveyed, 113 were males and 47 were females; the age ranged from 20 to 39 years, accounting for 69.3% of the surveyed population. Among them, professional and technical personnel accounted for 24.4% of the surveyed population, workers, transporters accounted for 15.0%, unemployed persons accounted for 15.0%, commercial services accounted for 12.5%, agroforestry and students accounted for 11.3% each. 35.0% of the residents live in rural areas/towns, 24.4% in small and medium-sized cities, 23.8% in counties, and 16.8% in big cities. The total awareness rate of 5 core knowledge of tuberculosis control was 76.4%, which was 19% higher than 57% of the 5th national tuberculosis epidemiological sampling survey in 2010 (χ2=121.75, P<0.01). Single information awareness rate: 84.3% awareness of tuberculosis symptoms, 83.1% awareness of the ability to cure, 73.1% of tuberculosis transmission through the respiratory tract, 73.1% awareness of the country’s free policy, knowledge of the rate of knowledge The difference was statistically significant (χ2=20.5, P<0.01). A passenger suspected of 68.1% of his tuberculosis cases chose to visit the TB/CDC. 81.9% of the visitors in the publicity event heard the broadcasting of tuberculosis prevention knowledge, and 72.5% of the visitors saw the advertising videos of the waiting room. 47.5% of travelers saw and read. Conclusion It is necessary to pay attention to the favorable timing of broadcasting and video programs when waiting for a train or traveling while traveling with railway passengers. The implementation of the tuberculosis knowledge and health education activities according to local conditions has achieved remarkable results and should be incorporated into the tuberculosis prevention and control strategy.