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本文报导超声波高温螺栓应力监测仪的研制。换能器用铌酸锂做压电晶体,采用银或金等软金属薄层做衬料的压紧耦合方案,在温度0—350℃和有辐照的条件下能长期连续工作。测量声时采用过零电平检测和时间间隔多次平均的方法及其它多种措施,达到了标准误差只有0.82ns的精度。在实验室里我们按现场的使用情况测定了大量纵横波声时与应力关系的数据,用数据处理的方法去除其中不合理的数据后,用双变量三阶拟合的方法,借助计算机算出应力和声时关系方程的16个系数。正式测量中仪器通过测量螺栓的纵波和横波声时,由纵波和横波声时与应力的这个关系式计算螺栓的应力,实现了大范围里温度(0—350℃)的自动补偿,测量精度优于9.8MPa。
This article reports the development of ultrasonic stress thermometer bolt. Lithium niobate transducer piezoelectric crystal, silver or gold and other soft metal lining to do the compact compression coupling program, the temperature 0-350 ℃ and under the conditions of exposure to long-term continuous work. Measurement of sound using zero-crossing detection and time interval multiple averaging methods and other measures to achieve the standard error of only 0.82ns accuracy. In the laboratory, we measured a large number of longitudinal and transverse acoustic sound pressure and stress data according to the site conditions. After data processing was used to remove the unreasonable data, the bivariate third-order fitting method was used to calculate the stress 16 coefficients of the equation of harmony. The formal measurement of the bolt through the measurement of longitudinal and shear wave sound, the longitudinal wave and shear wave acoustic stress and stress of this relationship between the calculation of bolt stress, to achieve a wide range of temperature (0-350 ℃) automatic compensation, measurement accuracy At 9.8MPa.