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图式(schema)的提法最早见于哲学家康德(Kant,1781)的著作。七十年代后期,美国人工智能专家鲁梅哈特(D.E.Rumelhart)等作了大量研究,把图式的概念发展成一种完整的理论。所谓图式理论就是运用认知心理学理论,分析认知框架在阅读过程中的作用。目前国内还没有高中学校把图式理论应用于英语阅读训练的实验研究。图式理论用于英语阅读教学中,要求重视语言的意义和文化背景知识的传授,培养学生阅读能力,培养跨文化意识,发展个性,开发潜能。
The formulation of the schema was first seen in the work of the philosopher Kant (1781). In the late 1970s, D.E. Rumelhart, an American artificial intelligence expert, made a lot of research and developed the concept of schemata into a complete theory. Schema theory is the use of cognitive psychology theory to analyze the role of cognitive framework in the reading process. At present, no high school in China has applied the schema theory to the experimental study of English reading training. Schema theory is used in English reading teaching. It requires the emphasis on the significance of language and the transmission of cultural background knowledge, training students’ reading ability, cultivating cross-cultural awareness, developing personality, and developing potential.