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目的对麻疹强化免疫中发生不良反应的原因进行分析和探讨,不断总结经验,努力把接种反应控制到最低限度。方法我院预防保健科观察了石河子市麻疹强化免疫活动中所接种的8个月~13岁儿童共5 411名的接种后全身反应及局部反应情况。观察时间为接种后2周内。结果接种麻疹疫苗发热率(≥38.6℃)为8.15%,皮疹反应率为0.76%,不良反应总发生率为18.54%。结论①疫苗中的附加物可以增加机体的致敏程度。②禁忌证掌握不严。③个体因素接种后的反应与健康状况有一定的关系。健康状况较差的情况下,容易引起加重反应。这次目标儿童中,部分人正处于发病的潜伏期、隐性感染或恢复期等健康状况欠佳状态,所以接种后加重反应、诱发、偶合疾病频频出现。④其他因素不良的气候环境因素和冬季的接种时间的选择也是造成这次强化免疫不良反应的主要因素之一。⑤炎症反应接种注射时可造成简单的创伤引起炎症。
Objective To analyze and discuss the causes of adverse reactions in intensive immunization of measles, to sum up experiences and try hard to keep the vaccination response to a minimum. Methods A total of 5 411 children aged 8 months to 13 years old who were vaccinated during the intensive immunization in Shihezi City were investigated for systemic reactions and local reactions after vaccination. Observation time is within 2 weeks after inoculation. Results The measles vaccine fever rate (≥38.6 ℃) was 8.15%, the rash rate was 0.76%, the total incidence of adverse reactions was 18.54%. Conclusion ① Additives in the vaccine can increase the degree of the body’s sensitization. ② contraindications mastery lax. ③ Individual factors after vaccination response and health have a certain relationship. Health conditions are poor, easily lead to aggravating reactions. Some of the children in the target group are in the latent period of onset, poor health status such as recessive infection or recovery period, and therefore, aggravating the reaction after inoculation, inducing and coupling diseases are frequent. ④ other factors adverse climate and environmental factors and winter vaccination time of choice is also contributed to this one of the main factors in strengthening immune adverse reactions. ⑤ inflammatory response Inoculation can cause a simple trauma caused by inflammation.