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目的了解泉州市尘肺病早期小气道功能异常情况。方法对某矿84例Ⅰ期尘肺病患者与对照组53人常规肺通气功能和小气道功能测定结果进行比较。结果尘肺病患者肺通气功能及小气道功能的各项指标均低于对照组;尘肺患者常规肺通气功能异常率41.7%;小气道功能异常率64.3%;接触作业工龄越长,肺小气道功能异常率也越高;吸烟的尘肺患者小气道功能异常率高于非吸烟者患者。结论尘肺患者早期肺常规通气功能及小气道功能各项指标均低于对照组;常规肺通气功能正常的尘肺早期患者中,小气道功能异常率已较高,更能反映尘肺病早期肺功能的变化情况,尘肺患者小气道功能异常率随工龄延长而升高,吸烟可加重小气道功能损伤。应对接尘工人进行职业病防治宣传及健康教育,加强个人防护,还要对不良的行为和习惯进行自我约束。
Objective To understand the small airway dysfunction in early stage of pneumoconiosis in Quanzhou. Methods 84 patients with stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis in a mine and 53 normal lung ventilation function and small airway function were compared. Results The pneumoconiosis function and small airway function of pneumoconiosis patients were lower than those of control group. The pneumoconiosis function abnormality rate was 41.7% in pneumoconiosis patients and 64.3% in small pneumoconiosis patients. The longer the length of contact operation, Abnormal rate is also higher; Smoking pneumoconiosis patients with abnormal small airway function than non-smoker patients. Conclusions Early pulmonary ventilation and small airway function in patients with pneumoconiosis were lower than those in the control group. In early pneumoconiosis patients with normal pulmonary function, the abnormal rate of small airway function was higher, which could better reflect the early pulmonary function of pneumoconiosis Changes in pneumoconiosis patients with small airway dysfunction rate increases with the increase of length of service, smoking can aggravate small airway injury. Dust-cleaning workers should be responsible for prevention and treatment of occupational diseases publicity and health education, strengthen personal protection, but also to bad behavior and habits of self-restraint.