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目的:探讨家长依从性对烧伤患儿增生性瘢痕治疗效果的影响。方法:采用回顾性队列研究方法。2014年6月—2019年6月，于安徽医科大学第一附属医院烧伤科门诊就诊的49例烧伤后增生性瘢痕患儿符合入选标准，纳入本研究。随访9个月时，根据挂号单及针对家长的依从性问卷调查结果，将患儿分为依从性佳组［34例，男21例、女13例，年龄2.0（2.0，3.5）岁］和依从性差组［15例，男6例、女9例，年龄3.0（2.0，4.0）岁］。首次就诊时和随访3、6、9个月，采用温哥华瘢痕量表（VSS）对依从性佳组患儿行瘢痕评分；首次就诊时和随访9个月，采用VSS对依从性差组患儿行瘢痕评分；首次就诊时和随访9个月，采用语言分级评分法（VRS）对2组患儿行瘢痕瘙痒评分。对数据行n χ2检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验、Mann-Whitney n U检验、独立样本n t检验、配对样本n t检验。n 结果:首次就诊时，2组患儿瘢痕VSS色泽、血管分布、柔软度、厚度评分及总评分均相近（n Z=0.834、0.026、0.837、0.076、1.074，n P>0.05）；随访9个月，依从性佳组患儿瘢痕VSS柔软度、厚度评分及总评分均明显低于依从性差组（n Z=5.518、4.732、5.042，n P0.05). In the follow-up of 9 months, the softness and thickness scores, and total score in VSS scoring of scars of children in good compliance group were significantly lower than those in poor compliance group (n Z=5.518, 4.732, 5.042, n P<0.01). Compared with those in the first attendance, the color, vascular distribution, softness, and thickness scores, and total score in VSS scoring of scars of children in good compliance group were significantly decreased in the follow-up of 9 months (n Z=5.241, 5.273, 5.214, 5.245, 3.451, n P<0.01); the color and vascular distribution scores, and total score in VSS scoring of scars of children in poor compliance group were significantly decreased in the follow-up of 9 months (n Z=3.606, 3.542, 3.448, n P0.05). In the follow-up of 9 months, the VRS score of scar pruritus of children in good compliance group was 1.00 (1.00, 1.25) points, which was significantly lower than (3.27±1.71) points in poor compliance group (n Z=2.606, n P<0.01). Compared with those in the first attendance, the VRS score of scar pruritus of children in good compliance group was significantly decreased in the follow-up of 9 months (n Z=4.002, n P0.05).n Conclusions:Under the same treatment plan, good parental compliance has a positive effect on the treatment of hypertrophic scars in burn children decreasing the degree of scar hyperplasia and pruritus.