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一、前言在美国,每年用于害虫防治的经费都在5亿美元以上。虽然,早在100多年前就有人建议使用昆虫病原来作为害虫防治剂,但是,直到现在,微生物杀虫剂所占的费用仍很少,仅为其中的5%。实际上,在大约50年前就已证明可以使用一种昆虫病原来防治害虫,可是,现在普遍使用的仍是合成有机化学杀虫剂。虽然微生物杀虫剂的发展是非常缓慢的。其原因,一方面是这十年来昆虫病毒和细菌取得了明显的进展,另一方面也由于化学农药存在的问题日益严重的缘故。
I. Preface In the United States, the annual funds for pest control are above 500 million U.S. dollars. Although, as early as more than 100 years ago, the use of entomopathogenic agents as pest control agents has been suggested, microbial pesticides have so far accounted for only as little as 5% of the cost. In fact, an insect pathogen was used to control pests about 50 years ago, but synthetic organic chemical insecticides are still commonly used. Although the development of microbial pesticides is very slow. The reason is that on the one hand, significant progress has been made in the past 10 years on insect viruses and bacteria, on the other hand, the problem of chemical pesticides has become increasingly serious.