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目的分析玉树藏族自治州藏系绵羊鼠疫生态流行病学特征。方法汇总玉树藏族自治州藏系绵羊鼠疫相关流行病学资料,对分离自藏系绵羊的13株鼠疫菌株进行生化试验、毒力测定、毒力因子鉴定和差异区段(DFR)分型检测,分析流行病学特征。结果从青海省玉树藏族自治州藏系绵羊体内分离的鼠疫菌共13株,主要分布在玉树市、囊谦县、治多县。由藏系绵羊作为传染源引起人间鼠疫7起18例,死亡9例,主要分布在玉树市、杂多县、囊谦县,首发病例均因剥、食死鼠疫的藏羊引起,其次为接触鼠疫病人而感染。13株鼠疫菌株的生态型均为青藏高原型。毒力因子及毒力检测显示13株鼠疫菌均为强毒菌。鼠疫菌基因型(DFR)检测显示10株玉树市、1株治多县、1株囊谦县分离的菌株为5型,1株囊谦县分离的菌株为7型。结论玉树藏族自治州藏系绵羊分离株鼠疫杆菌具备青藏高原鼠疫病原体特征,增加了当地鼠疫流行传播的风险,应结合流行病学特征,采取有效措施控制鼠疫的发生和流行。
Objective To analyze the ecological epidemiological characteristics of Tibetan sheep plague in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Methods The epidemiological data of Tibetan plague in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture were collected. The biochemical tests, virulence, virulence factor identification and DFR typing were performed on 13 strains of Yershuni isolates from Tibetan sheep. Epidemiological characteristics. Results A total of 13 Y. pestis isolates from Tibetan sheep in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province were found in Yushu City, Xunchi County and Zhiduo County. Seven cases of human plague were caused by Tibetan sheep as source of infection, including 18 cases and 9 deaths, mainly in Yushu City, Zaduo County and Zhaochang County. The first cases were all caused by Tibetan sheep with pest plague and food poisoning, followed by contact Plague patients infected. The 13 strains of plague strains were ecotype Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Virulence factors and virulence tests showed that all 13 Y. pestis strains were virulent. The results of DFR showed that 10 isolates from Yushu City, 1 Zhunduo County and 1 from Xinqian County were type 5, while 1 strain isolated from Zhongqian County was type 7. Conclusions Yershitong Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture sheep isolates of Y. pestis possess the characteristics of plague pathogens in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and increase the risk of epidemic spread of the plague in the area. In order to control the occurrence and prevalence of plague, effective measures should be taken in combination with the epidemiological characteristics.