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目的 探讨长期接触低浓度氯气对工人健康效应及肺通气功能的影响。方法 对 376名氯气作业工人及 189名对照进行问卷调查以及内科、眼科、五官科、口腔科、心电图、胸片、肺功能检查。结果 男性接触组咳嗽、气急、角膜上皮脱落、鼻粘膜干燥、鼻粘膜苍白、心电图异常检出率显著高于对照组 ;女性接触组鼻粘膜苍白、嗅觉减退检出率高于对照组。肺功能检测表明 :女性接触组 VC%、FVC%明显降低 ,与对照组相比差异有显著性。多因素分析表明 ,除年龄、身高、吸烟指数外 ,接触指数是影响 FEV1/ FVC的重要因素。结论 长期接触低浓度氯气对工人健康产生一定影响 ,同时损害肺通气功能。
Objective To investigate the effects of long-term exposure to low concentrations of chlorine on workers’ health effects and pulmonary ventilation. Methods A total of 376 chlorine workers and 189 control subjects were surveyed, as well as internal medicine, ophthalmology, ENT, stomatology, electrocardiogram, chest radiograph and pulmonary function test. Results The incidences of cough, shortness of breath, corneal epithelial shedding, dry nasal mucosa, pale nasal mucosa and abnormal electrocardiogram in male contact group were significantly higher than those in control group. The prevalence of pale nasal mucosa and olfactory dysfunction in female contact group was higher than that of control group. Pulmonary function tests showed that VC%, FVC% of female exposure group was significantly lower than that of control group, the difference was significant. Multivariate analysis showed that except for age, height and smoking index, the contact index was an important factor affecting FEV1 / FVC. Conclusion Long-term exposure to low concentrations of chlorine may have an impact on workers’ health while impairing pulmonary ventilation.