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西藏的佛教历史源远流长,唐朝松赞干布时期是西藏佛教初兴阶段。经过几百年的演变,到了明朝时期,形成为一种带有地方特点的喇嘛教。(“喇嘛教”:清朝以前没有这种称呼。清乾隆作《御制喇嘛说》一文之后,随之称西藏地区流传的佛教为“喇嘛教”。“喇嘛”藏语原意是“上师”或“师长”,这是佛教中对高僧的尊称。)喇嘛教是佛教的一种地方形式,是佛教中的一派。由于明朝皇帝对边疆藏族沿袭元朝策略,采取“用其俗而柔其人”,“因其俗尚,用僧徒化导”的办法,并召被元朝封号的僧侣入朝授官,给予喇嘛教上层僧人以优遇和封赠,这使喇嘛教蓬勃发展起来,并带来了具有独特的民族风格、民族形式和民族内涵的佛教艺术。这种佛教艺术不可避免地受到了汉族及其他兄弟民族的影响,反过来又影响和丰富了其他兄弟民族的文化艺术,成为炎黄子孙文化艺术总体中的一个重要组成部分。 一、喇嘛教的传播促进了西藏佛教文化的发展 由于明朝统治者的扶持和赞助,西藏喇嘛教得到了大力推动。明朝西藏朝贡的人数逐年增加,从公元十五世纪二、三十年代的三、四十人到六十年代增到三、四千人。大量朝贡人员往来于西藏和中原,实际上如同大规模官方贸易使团,他们把藏族地区的牲畜、皮毛、药材、氆氇、
The history of Buddhism in Tibet has a long history, and the Song Dynasty in Song Dynasty was the early stage of Tibetan Buddhism. After several hundred years of evolution, it came to the Ming Dynasty and became a Lamaism with local characteristics. (“Lamaism”: This name was not used before the Qing Dynasty.) After the Qing Emperor Qianlong wrote the “Imperial Lama said,” the enshrined Buddhism in Tibet is called “Lamaism.” The “Lama” Tibetan original meaning is “Guru” or “ Teacher, ”which is the title of monk in Buddhism.) Lamaism is a local form of Buddhism and a school of Buddhism. Since the Ming dynasty took the strategy of the Yuan Dynasty toward the border ethnic Tibetans, they adopted the method of “using their vulgarity and soft-handedness” and “using their monks to lead the customs”. They called for monks from the Yuan Dynasty to teach in the DPRK, The monks in the upper class received the privilege and gift, which made the Lamaism flourish and brought about the Buddhist art with its unique national style, ethnic style and ethnic connotation. This kind of Buddhist art is inevitably influenced by the Han and other fraternal peoples, which in turn influences and enriches the culture and art of other fraternal peoples and becomes an important part of the overall culture and art of the proletariat. I. The Propagation of Lamaism Promoted the Development of Tibetan Buddhism Culture Due to the support and sponsorship of the Ming rulers, Lamaism in Tibet has been greatly promoted. The number of tribute tribes in the Ming Dynasty in Tibet increased year by year, from three or forty in the 1920s and 1930s to three or four thousand in the 1960s. The large number of tribute members traveling between Tibet and the Central Plains is in fact the same as the large-scale official trade delegation. They bring livestock, fur, herbs,