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目的分析中山市2005-2014年麻疹流行病学特征,评估麻疹疫苗(MeaslesVaccine,MV)强化免疫(Supplementary Immunization Activity,SIA)对麻疹流行病学特征的影响,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,监测数据进行统计分析。结果MV SIA前、后中山市麻疹年均发病率分别为49.6/10万和4.6/10万,SIA后较SIA前下降了90.7%;SIA前、后病例季节分布无变化,主要集中于4~9月;SIA前、后8月龄~14岁病例各占病例总数的59.8%和35.0%。SIA前、后散居儿童构成比由58.6%上升为65.0%;幼托儿童构成比由12.7%下降为2.5%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。无免疫史和免疫史不详的病例占病例总数的76.4%。结论 MV SIA能迅速降低麻疹发病率,免疫空白人群是发病的重点人群。建议在做好常规免疫的基础上,每隔3年开展一轮MV SIA,使我市麻疹发病水平维持在一个较低水平,最终达到消除麻疹的目标。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles from 2005 to 2014 in Zhongshan City and evaluate the impact of Measles Vaccine (MV) Supplementary Immunization Activity (SIA) on the epidemiological characteristics of measles and provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods and monitoring data were used for statistical analysis. Results The annual average incidence of measles in Zhongshan before and after MV SIA was 49.6 / 100000 and 4.6 / 100000, respectively, which decreased by 90.7% compared with that before SIA. There was no change in the seasonal distribution of SIA before and after, mainly in 4 ~ September; SIA before and after the age of 8 months to 14 years of age cases accounted for 59.8% and 35.0% of the total number of cases. Before and after the SIA, the proportion of children living in diaspora was increased from 58.6% to 65.0%, while that of children with preschool child care decreased from 12.7% to 2.5%. The differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). Unknown history of immunization and immunization cases accounted for 76.4% of the total number of cases. Conclusion MV SIA can rapidly reduce the incidence of measles, immune blank population is the focus of the crowd. Proposed to do a good routine immunization, based on every 3 years to carry out a MV SIA, the incidence of measles in our city maintained at a low level, and ultimately to eliminate measles.