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水稻白叶枯病自发现到现在已有90年的历史。由于发生地区广泛,为害严重,各国对此病曾做了大量研究。日本对它已研究了半个多世纪,我国也有二十多年的研究经历。但对其侵染来源和传播途径,仍有不同看法。我国最初认为种子传病是首要的。但在病区单抓种子处理还不能收到预期效果,又认为病稻草是病区次年的主要菌源。近年来,又发现在严格处理病革、病种子的情况下,仍然发病,故怀疑除上述两种传播途径外,还有其它传播途径。关于杂草传病问题,日本已进行了多年的研究,但和我国国内一样,对杂草带菌传病问题,意见很不一致。我们认为对这一传播途径有彻底弄清的必要,它不仅关系到一个病的侵染循环问题,而且直接关系到对白叶枯病的彻底防治。如果这一传播途径确实存在,我们若不承认它,在防治上就会出现大的漏洞。如果白叶枯病确与杂草无关,盲目地采用相应的措施,也是多余而毫无意义的。这次试验是采用较直接的“离心浓缩针刺接种法”,其结果:第一年证实有马唐等六种杂草、黄豆和水稻根部能够带菌;第二年证实有车前等三种杂草和水稻根不仅带菌,而且可越冬并存活到次年五月;第三年又证实在不同地区有马唐,狗牙根等四种杂草能够带菌越冬,并存活到次年五月中旬。另外,用病区杂草和水稻健苗混栽,结果稻苗上发病,而对照的不发病。通过三年来的试验研究,证实有数种杂草的根茎部不仅带菌,而且能传病。
Rice bacterial blight has been discovered for 90 years now. Due to the wide range of occurrences and serious damage, various countries have done a great deal of research on this disease. Japan has studied it for more than half a century and China has more than 20 years of research experience. However, there are still different opinions on the sources of their infection and on the routes of transmission. My country first thought that seed transmission was the most important. However, grasping the seed treatment in the ward alone can not receive the expected results, and that the sick straw is the main source of bacteria in the following year. In recent years, they also found that in the strict treatment of disease leather, the disease is still the case of disease, it is suspected that in addition to the above two routes of transmission, there are other routes of transmission. As for the problem of weed transmission disease, Japan has conducted many years of research but, like our own country, we have very different opinions on weed transmission diseases. We consider it necessary to fully understand this route of transmission. It is not only related to the cycle of infection of a disease but also directly related to the complete prevention and control of bacterial blight. If this route of transmission does exist, if we do not recognize it, there will be major loopholes in prevention and control. If the bacterial blight is not related to the blight indeed, blindly adopt the corresponding measures, but also unnecessary and meaningless. In this experiment, the more direct “Centrifugal Concentration Needle Vaccination” was used. The results showed that six weeds such as crabgrass were confirmed in the first year, and the roots of soybeans and rice were able to carry bacteria. In the second year, there were three Weeds and rice roots not only carry the bacteria, but also can survive the winter and survive until May next year; the third year also confirmed that in different areas of crabgrass, bermudagrass and other four weeds can carry winter, and survive until mid May . In addition, the use of ward and rice Jianmiao mixed planting, the results of the disease on rice seedlings, while the control of the disease. After three years of pilot studies, it has been confirmed that several root and stem weeds carry not only bacteria but also diseases.