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以早籼稻中早39和粳稻秀水134为试验材料,利用温室和人工气候箱,通过不同育秧方式处理,研究移栽后4种温度处理对水稻新叶出生、分蘖发生、株高生长、叶片叶色与干物质积累及氮素吸收的影响。结果表明:(1)随处理温度升高,水稻新叶出生与分蘖发生所需天数为降低趋势,16℃低温处理时秧苗基本无分蘖,19℃处理为移栽后15 d产生分蘖,22、25℃为移栽后10 d产生分蘖。(2)温度升高,百苗干重增量增加,吸氮量也增加;16、19℃处理,干重变化较小,氮吸收量也少;植株各部位器官吸氮量的增加趋势以19℃~22℃较明显。(3)秧苗移栽后分蘖增长速率及发生时间以旱育秧和基质育秧方式高于泥浆育秧方式,而叶龄无明显变化。(4)秧苗分蘖发生速度、干物质增长量及各部位器官吸氮量均以粳稻秀水134高于籼稻中早39,说明粳稻耐低温性强于籼稻。以上结果表明,选择基质育秧和旱育秧方式,保持高于19℃的气温有利于水稻秧苗返青及早发,同时在早稻生产中选择粳稻品种有利于秧苗耐低温生长。
Taking early indica rice (Zhongza39) and japonica rice (Xiushui 134) as experimental materials, greenhouse and artificial climate chambers were used to treat the rice with different temperature and seedling growth. The effects of four temperature treatments on the birth, tillering, plant height, Effect of color and dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake. The results showed that: (1) With the increasing of treatment temperature, the number of days required for new leaf emergence and tillering of rice decreased. No seedling tillers were found at 16 ℃, tillering occurred at 15 ℃ after 19 ℃, 25 ℃ for tillering 10 days after transplanting. (2) With the increase of temperature, the increment of dry weight of seedlings increased and the amount of nitrogen uptake also increased. The change of dry matter weight at 16 and 19 ℃ was smaller and nitrogen uptake was less. 19 ℃ ~ 22 ℃ more obvious. (3) The growth rate of tillers after transplanting and the time of emergence were higher than those of seedling raising in dry and seedling-growing and substrate-growing methods, but there was no obvious change in leaf age. (4) The tillering speed of seedlings, the growth of dry matter and the nitrogen uptake of organs in all organs were higher in Xiushui 134 of japonica rice than in 39 of indica rice, indicating that the tolerance of japonica rice to low temperature is better than that of indica rice. The above results show that the choice of substrate seedling and dry nursery seedlings, maintaining the temperature above 19 ℃ is conducive to the greening and early seedling rice seedlings, while the selection of early rice in japonica rice varieties are conducive to low temperature seedling growth.