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The effect of dolomite with different particle size fractions on hematite flotation was studied using sodium oleate as collector at pH of about 9. The effect mechanism of dolomite on hematite flotation was investigated by means of solution chemistry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is observed that dolomite with different size fractions has depressing effect on hematite flotation using sodium oleate as collector, and dolomite could be the mineral depressant of hematite using sodium oleate as collector. The reasons for that are conced with sodium oleate consumption and the adsorption onto hematite of dissolved species of dolomite.