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19世纪伊始,随着新教传教士进入中国,西方人第二次汉语学习高潮兴起。在晚清一百多年中,西方人的汉语学习历史随着中国近代社会的变迁而不断演进。西方人的汉语学习经历了从严禁到合法的转变,西方人在华的活动范围因中国国门的被迫开放不断扩大,学习汉语的需求随之不断增加,汉语教材的数量越来越多,类型日益丰富,编写水平日渐提高。晚清时期西方人的汉语学习也呈现出了新特征。从原始文献入手,勾画这一历史阶段的汉语学习史,是对外汉语教学学科建设中必不可少的部分,也是中西文化交流史的重要组成部分。
As the Protestant missionaries entered China at the beginning of the 19th century, the second wave of Chinese learning in the West started to emerge. In the late Qing dynasty, over 100 years, Westerners’ Chinese learning history evolved with the changes of modern Chinese society. Westerners ’learning of Chinese has gone from no-till to legal change. The scope of Westerners’ activities in China has been continuously expanded due to the forced opening up of Chinese nationality. The demand for learning Chinese has been on the increase. The number of Chinese teaching materials is increasing. Increasingly rich, writing level is increasing. Westerners in the late Qing Dynasty also showed a new feature of Chinese learning. Starting from the original literature, delineating the history of Chinese learning at this historical stage is an indispensable part of the construction of the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language and an important part of the history of Sino-Western cultural exchanges.