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通过对唐山市属工业企业生产性毒物危害和管理情况的调查,掌握唐山市生产性毒物危害和管理现状,明确职业中毒防治工作的目标和重点。对唐山市属生产性毒物危害的工业企业进行现场调查,并对其结果进行统计学分析。结果显示,调查的624家企业中,以、中小型和私有企业为主,职工总数为146 306人,接触毒物的有94 558人,占职工总数的64.6%;不同行业企业毒物危害率分别为建材81.0%、冶金79.3%、机械72.8%、化工70.2%、采矿65.2%、轻工62.3%;生产性毒物以一氧化碳为主,其次为苯、二氧化碳、氮氧化合物、铅及其化合物、甲醛等;仅有16.2%的企业有完善的职业健康监护档案。提示,该市生产性毒物危害和管理情况不容乐观,生产环境毒物监测率低,职工健康监护覆盖率低;建材、冶金和化工行业、中小型和私营企业是职业中毒防治的工作重点。
Through the investigation of the hazards and management of productive toxicants in industrial enterprises in Tangshan City, we can grasp the hazards and management status of the productive toxicants in Tangshan City and clarify the goals and priorities of prevention and control of occupational poisonings. Tangshan City, a genotoxic hazard of industrial enterprises on-site survey, and the results of a statistical analysis. The results showed that of the 624 enterprises surveyed, mainly small and medium-sized enterprises and private-owned ones, the total number of employees was 146,306 and 94,558 were exposed to poisonous substances, accounting for 64.6% of the total number of workers. The hazard rates of enterprises in different industries were 81.0% for building materials, 79.3% for metallurgy, 72.8% for machinery, 70.2% for chemical industry, 65.2% for mining and 62.3% for light industry. Productive toxicants are mainly carbon monoxide, followed by benzene, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, lead and its compounds, Only 16.2% of enterprises have sound occupational health monitoring files. It is suggested that the hazardous and management of productive poison in the city is not optimistic, the monitoring rate of production environment toxicant is low, and the health care coverage of workers is low. The building materials, metallurgy and chemical industry, small and medium-sized enterprises and private enterprises are the focus of occupational poisoning prevention and control.